What is multi-factor authentication?

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is defined as the use of two or more types or factors of authentication to verify a user's identity. This approach significantly enhances security by requiring multiple forms of verification, which can include something the user knows (like a password), something the user has (like a smartphone or security token), or something the user is (like a fingerprint or other biometric data). By combining different authentication factors, MFA helps to protect sensitive information and systems from unauthorized access, ensuring that even if one authentication method is compromised, the chances of a breach remain low.

The use of multiple factors makes it much harder for an attacker to gain access to systems or data because they would need to obtain all factors rather than just one. This layered security strategy is a fundamental element of modern cybersecurity practices, particularly in environments where sensitive data is handled.