What does binary refer to in computing?

Binary refers to a numeral system that uses only two digits: 0 and 1. This system is fundamental to computing because it directly corresponds to the on and off states of electrical signals in digital circuits. Each binary digit, or bit, can represent a state or value, with combinations of these bits used to encode data, perform calculations, and execute instructions.

In computers, binary is the basis for representing all types of data, including numbers, letters, and even images. This simplicity in having just two symbols enables efficient processing and storage of information, as it aligns well with the binary nature of electronic circuitry and logic gates. Understanding binary is crucial for anyone working in computer science or cybersecurity, as it underpins how data is processed at the most fundamental level.