What does authentication verify?

Authentication is a fundamental concept in information security that focuses on establishing the identity of a user, device, or other entity attempting to access a system. By verifying the identity, authentication ensures that only authorized individuals or entities are granted access to sensitive information or systems. This is often accomplished through methods such as passwords, biometric scans, or digital certificates, which help confirm that the entity requesting access is actually who they claim to be.

In contrast, verifying the location of the data pertains to data storage and access points, while confirming the time of access relates to auditing activities rather than identity. Additionally, data integrity ensures that information is accurate and unaltered, which is a separate concern from authentication. Understanding these distinctions clarifies the critical role that authentication plays in maintaining secure environments and protecting against unauthorized access.